Colômbia

The Colombian airport sector is one of the most dynamic in Latin America, with El Dorado International Airport (BOG) serving as one of the region's primary transit hubs. Air transport regulation is overseen by the Colombian Civil Aviation Authority (Aerocivil), which establishes the Colombian Aeronautical Regulations (RAC). The "Open Skies" policy and the growth of low-cost carriers have significantly increased domestic and international connectivity. Consumer protection is governed by the *Consumer Statute* (Law 1480 of 2011) and specific Aerocivil standards regarding passenger rights and obligations.

Passenger rights in Colombia are detailed in RAC 3. Compensation varies depending on the length of the delay:

• Delay of 1 to 3 hours: Provision of refreshments and one phone call (maximum of 3 minutes).
• Delay of 3 to 5 hours: In addition to the above, provision of meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner, depending on the time of day).
• Delay exceeding 5 hours: Accommodation (if the flight is rescheduled for the following day), transport between the airport and the hotel, and the option of a ticket refund or rebooking on another flight.
• Cancellation or Denied Boarding (Overbooking): If the fault lies with the airline, the passenger is entitled to immediate monetary compensation (a minimum of 30% of the fare value) or the option of a full refund, in addition to full material assistance. If the passenger accepts rebooking, the airline must offer additional benefits or upgrades.

Colombian regulations allow airlines to set their own baggage policies, provided they are clearly disclosed at the time of purchase.

• Carry-on: By law, all passengers are entitled to one personal item (small bag or backpack) that fits under the seat. Many low-cost fares charge separately for a 10kg carry-on bag intended for the overhead compartment.
• Checked baggage: Free baggage allowance is not mandatory, except for specific fare classes that include this service.
• Right of Retraction (Cooling-off Period): According to the Consumer Statute, for purchases made online or by phone, passengers have the right to withdraw from the contract within 48 hours of purchase (provided the flight is more than 8 days away), with a right to a full refund, except for specific promotional fares.

The entry of dogs and cats is regulated by the ICA (Colombian Agricultural Institute):

• Health Certificate: Must be issued by the official health authority of the country of origin, certifying that the animal is healthy.
• Vaccination: Proof of rabies vaccination (administered no less than 30 days and no more than 12 months prior).
• Deworming: Certificate of internal and external deworming administered within the 30 days prior to travel.
• Inspection: Upon arrival, the animal must undergo an ICA inspection at the airport. Administrative fees may apply. The airline must be notified at least 48 hours in advance.

• Minors (Colombian citizens or residents): To leave the country unaccompanied or with only one parent, an "Exit Authorization" notarized by a notary public or consular authority is mandatory.
• Foreign minors: Must carry a valid passport. If traveling with only one parent or guardian, it is recommended to carry a notarized authorization letter. While the requirement is less strict for non-resident tourists, it is a safety precaution against human trafficking required by *Migración Colombia*.

Colombia has strict accessibility laws based on Law 1618 of 2013.

• Assistance: Persons with reduced mobility, the elderly, and pregnant women are entitled to priority service at check-in counters, security checkpoints, and during boarding.
• Equipment: Airlines must transport wheelchairs and other assistive devices free of charge. Requests must be made at least 48 hours before the flight.
• Infrastructure: All concessioned airports are equipped with mandatory ramps, elevators, and adapted restrooms.

• Passport: Minimum validity of 6 months from the date of entry.
• Tourist Visa: Most countries (including Brazil, USA, and the European Union) are exempt from visa requirements for stays of up to 90 days, which can be extended for an additional 90 days.
• Check-Mig: It is mandatory to complete the electronic Check-Mig form on the *Migración Colombia* portal between 72 hours and 1 hour before the flight (both for departure and arrival).
• Vaccination: The Yellow Fever vaccine is highly recommended and, in some cases, mandatory for visitors arriving from endemic areas.

• Colombian Civil Aviation Authority (Passenger Rights): https://www.aerocivil.gov.co
• Migración Colombia (Check-Mig Registration): https://www.migracioncolombia.gov.co
• Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA - Pet Entry): https://www.ica.gov.co
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia (Visas and Entry): https://www.cancilleria.gov.co
• Superintendence of Industry and Commerce (Consumer Rights): https://www.sic.gov.co